![]() Preventive Services Task Force, however, has rated the quality of evidence linking early treatment or birth during periods with universal newborn hearing screening with improved language function as fair or poor. 8 The value of these recommendations is supported by studies showing that enrollment in an intervention program by nine months of age, as compared with later intervention, is associated with improvements in the verbal ability quotient by as much as 19 points 9 (equivalent to 0.5 to 0.6 SD) and that birth during periods in which universal hearing screening of newborns was in place is associated with a similar benefit. 2-5Ĭurrently, screening for bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment, with the use of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions and automated measurement of auditory brain-stem responses, is recommended for all infants before the age of three months in the United States, 6 the United Kingdom, 7 and Europe. 1-3 Such impairments are associated with impaired language acquisition, learning, and speech development. Introductionīilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment that is moderate, severe, or profound affects 1 in 750 children and is present at birth in more than 80 percent of affected children. ConclusionsĮarly detection of childhood hearing impairment was associated with higher scores for language but not for speech in midchildhood. Speech scores did not differ significantly between those who were exposed to newborn screening or early confirmation and those who were not. Birth during periods with universal newborn screening was also associated with higher adjusted z scores for receptive language as compared with nonverbal ability (adjusted mean difference, 0.60 95 percent confidence interval, 0.07 to 1.13), although the z scores for expressive language as compared with nonverbal ability were not significantly higher. ResultsĬonfirmation of hearing impairment by nine months of age was associated with higher adjusted mean z scores for language as compared with nonverbal ability (adjusted mean difference for receptive language, 0.82 95 percent confidence interval, 0.31 to 1.33 and adjusted mean difference for expressive language, 0.70 95 percent confidence interval, 0.13 to 1.26). The primary outcomes were language as compared with nonverbal ability and speech expressed as z scores (the number of standard deviations by which the score differed from the mean score among 63 age-matched children with normal hearing), adjusted for the severity of the hearing impairment and for maternal education. Of the 120 children, 61 were born during periods with universal newborn screening and 57 had hearing impairment that was confirmed by nine months of age. We studied 120 children with bilateral permanent hearing impairment identified from a large birth cohort in southern England, at a mean of 7.9 years of age. However, the effects of universal newborn screening for permanent bilateral childhood hearing impairment and the effects of confirmation of hearing impairment by nine months of age on subsequent verbal abilities are uncertain. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.Ĭhildren with bilateral permanent hearing impairment often have impaired language and speech abilities. ![]() Information and tools for librarians about site license offerings. Valuable tools for building a rewarding career in health care. The authorized source of trusted medical research and education for the Chinese-language medical community. The most advanced way to teach, practice, and assess clinical reasoning skills. Information, resources, and support needed to approach rotations - and life as a resident. The most effective and engaging way for clinicians to learn, improve their practice, and prepare for board exams. NEW! Peer-reviewed journal featuring in-depth articles to accelerate the transformation of health care delivery.Ĭoncise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care. NEW! A digital journal for innovative original research and fresh, bold ideas in clinical trial design and clinical decision-making.
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